J Neurol Res

Journal of Neurology Research, ISSN 1923-2845 print, 1923-2853 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Neurol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://jnr.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 15, Number 4, December 2025, pages 165-171

Blood Pressure Variability in Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Post-Hoc Analysis of the BP-TARGET trial

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics for 193 Patients With Successful Thrombectomy of a Large Arterial Occlusion According to the Presence or Absence of Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage in the First 24 h Post-Procedure in a *Post-Hoc* Analysis of BP-TARGET Trial Data
	Total	Post-procedure intracranial hemorrhage	P-value
IV: intravenous; mRS: modified Rankin Scale; mTICI: modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SD: standard deviation.
IV thrombolysis, n (%)	103 (88.8)	41 (39.8)	62 (60.2)	0.566
Initial NIHSS, mean ± SD	15.7 ± 5.9	16.8 ± 5.5	15.0 ± 6.2	0.044
Initial systolic blood pressure, mm Hg ± SD	152.8 (25.6)	154.0 (28.7)	151.7 (23.2)	0.552
Male sex, n (%)	91 (47.2)	37 (40.6)	54 (59.3)	0.954
Age, mean ± SD	72.7 ± 13.6	71.6 ± 13.5	73.4 ± 13.7	0.368
mTICI grade after thrombectomy				0.681
mTICI 2b, n (%)	83 (43.0)	35 (42.2)	48 (57.8)
mTICI 3, n (%)	110 (57.0)	42 (38.1)	68 (61.8)
Functional Independence at 90 days				< 0.001
mRS 0-2, n (%)	98 (50.8)	30 (39.0)	68 (58.6)
mTICI 2b, n (%)	38 (38.8)	12 (31.6)	26 (68.4)
mTICI 3, n (%)	60 (61.2)	17 (28.3)	43 (71.6)
mRS ≥ 3, n (%)	95 (49.2)	47 (61.0)	48 (41.4)
Hypertension	132 (68.4)	52 (39.4)	80 (60.6)	0.777
Tobacco use	32 (16.6)	12 (37.5)	20 (62.5)	0.973
Diabetes mellitus	42 (21.9)	18 (42.9)	24 (57.1)	0.652
Premorbid antiplatelet therapy, n (%)	48 (25.0)	22 (45.8)	26 (54.2)	0.756
Premorbid anticoagulant therapy, n (%)	43 (22.3)	12 (27.9)	31 (72.1)	0.353

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics for 193 Patients With Successful Thrombectomy of a Large Arterial Occlusion According to the Presence or Absence of Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage in the First 24 h Post-Procedure in a Post-Hoc Analysis of BP-TARGET Trial Data

Total

Post-procedure intracranial hemorrhage

P-value

Yes, n = 77 (39.9%)

No, n = 116 (60.1%)

IV: intravenous; mRS: modified Rankin Scale; mTICI: modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SD: standard deviation.

IV thrombolysis, n (%)

103 (88.8)

41 (39.8)

62 (60.2)

0.566

Initial NIHSS, mean ± SD

15.7 ± 5.9

16.8 ± 5.5

15.0 ± 6.2

0.044

Initial systolic blood pressure, mm Hg ± SD

152.8 (25.6)

154.0 (28.7)

151.7 (23.2)

0.552

Male sex, n (%)

91 (47.2)

37 (40.6)

54 (59.3)

0.954

Age, mean ± SD

72.7 ± 13.6

71.6 ± 13.5

73.4 ± 13.7

0.368

mTICI grade after thrombectomy

0.681

mTICI 2b, n (%)

83 (43.0)

35 (42.2)

48 (57.8)

mTICI 3, n (%)

110 (57.0)

42 (38.1)

68 (61.8)

Functional Independence at 90 days

< 0.001

mRS 0-2, n (%)

98 (50.8)

30 (39.0)

68 (58.6)

mTICI 2b, n (%)

38 (38.8)

12 (31.6)

26 (68.4)

mTICI 3, n (%)

60 (61.2)

17 (28.3)

43 (71.6)

mRS ≥ 3, n (%)

95 (49.2)

47 (61.0)

48 (41.4)

Hypertension

132 (68.4)

52 (39.4)

80 (60.6)

0.777

Tobacco use

32 (16.6)

12 (37.5)

20 (62.5)

0.973

Diabetes mellitus

42 (21.9)

18 (42.9)

24 (57.1)

0.652

Premorbid antiplatelet therapy, n (%)

48 (25.0)

22 (45.8)

26 (54.2)

0.756

Premorbid anticoagulant therapy, n (%)

43 (22.3)

12 (27.9)

31 (72.1)

0.353

**Table 2.** Multiple Linear Regression Model Results for 193 Patients With Successful Thrombectomy of a Large Arterial Occlusion for Prediction of Apparent Real Variability, Time Rate Index, and Successive Variability of Systolic Blood Pressure in the First 24 h Post-Procedure in a Post-Hoc Analysis of BP-TARGET Trial Data
Coefficients	Estimate	Standard error	t-value	P-value
ARV₂₄: 24-h average real variability; mm Hg: millimeters of mercury; mTICI: modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke scale; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SV: successive variability; TRI: time rate index.
ARV
Intercept	13.56	1.948	6.960	0.000
Pre-procedural NIHSS	-0.578	0.353	-1.638	0.103
Post-procedural SBP, mm Hg	0.004	0.010	-0.825	0.652
mTICI grade 3	-1.402	0.500	-2.473	0.014
Age, years	-0.010	0.019	-0.530	0.597
TRI
Intercept	0.401	0.060	6.645	0.000
Pre-procedural NIHSS	-0.024	0.011	-2.216	0.028
Post-procedural SBP, mm Hg	0.000	0.000	0.304	0.762
mTICI grade 3	-0.040	0.015	-2.577	0.011
Age, years	0.000	0.001	-0.187	0.852
SV
Intercept	16.44	2.434	6.752	0.000
Pre-procedural NIHSS	-0.786	0.441	-1.783	0.076
Post-procedural SBP, mm Hg	0.008	0.012	0.655	0.513
mTICI grade 3	-1.900	0.624	-3.044	0.030
Age, years	-0.003	0.023	-0.128	0.898

Table 2. Multiple Linear Regression Model Results for 193 Patients With Successful Thrombectomy of a Large Arterial Occlusion for Prediction of Apparent Real Variability, Time Rate Index, and Successive Variability of Systolic Blood Pressure in the First 24 h Post-Procedure in a Post-Hoc Analysis of BP-TARGET Trial Data

Coefficients

Estimate

Standard error

t-value

P-value

ARV₂₄: 24-h average real variability; mm Hg: millimeters of mercury; mTICI: modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke scale; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SV: successive variability; TRI: time rate index.

ARV

Intercept

13.56

1.948

6.960

0.000

Pre-procedural NIHSS

-0.578

0.353

-1.638

0.103

Post-procedural SBP, mm Hg

0.004

0.010

-0.825

0.652

mTICI grade 3

-1.402

0.500

-2.473

0.014

Age, years

-0.010

0.019

-0.530

0.597

TRI

Intercept

0.401

0.060

6.645

0.000

Pre-procedural NIHSS

-0.024

0.011

-2.216

0.028

Post-procedural SBP, mm Hg

0.000

0.304

0.762

mTICI grade 3

-0.040

0.015

-2.577

0.011

Age, years

0.000

0.001

-0.187

0.852

Intercept

16.44

2.434

6.752

0.000

Pre-procedural NIHSS

-0.786

0.441

-1.783

0.076

Post-procedural SBP, mm Hg

0.008

0.012

0.655

0.513

mTICI grade 3

-1.900

0.624

-3.044

0.030

Age, years

-0.003

0.023

-0.128

0.898

**Table 3.** Measures and Significance of Indices of Blood Pressure Variability for 193 Patients With Successful Thrombectomy of a Large Arterial Occlusion According to the Presence or Absence of Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage in the First 24 h Post-Procedure in a *Post-Hoc* Analysis of BP-TARGET Trial Data
	Post-procedural intracranial hemorrhage	Δ	95% Confidence interval	P-value
ARV24: 24-h average real variability; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; Δ: difference; MAP: mean arterial pressure; mm Hg: millimeters of mercury; mTICI: modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SD: standard deviation; SV: successive variability; TRI: time rate index.
SBP
Range, mm Hg	64.66	19.02	70.57	25.16	-5.91	-12.19, 0.380	0.065
SD, mm Hg	15.10	4.50	15.96	4.93	-0.85	-2.21, 0.502	0.215
TRI, mm Hg/min	0.32	0.09	0.35	0.12	-0.03	-0.06, 0.001	0.061
ARV₂₄, mm Hg	11.61	3.42	11.61	3.49	0.00	-1.00, 0.998	0.996
SV, mm Hg	14.18	3.92	15.10	4.61	-0.92	-2.14, 0.297	0.137
DBP
Range, mm Hg	52.79	18.76	54.81	24.25	-2.02	-8.14, 4.108	0.517
SD, mm Hg	11.60	3.81	12.04	4.79	-0.45	-1.67, 0.779	0.473
TRI, mm Hg/min	0.30	0.12	0.29	0.14	0.01	-0.03, 0.042	0.778
ARV₂₄, mm Hg	9.87	4.03	9.83	4.01	0.04	-1.13, 1.21	0.943
SV, mm Hg	13.34	5.13	13.56	5.72	-0.22	-1.78, 1.340	0.783
MAP
Range, mm Hg	49.32	14.36	51.57	19.58	-2.25	-7.08, 2.572	0.358
SD, mm Hg	11.17	3.16	11.64	4.08	-0.47	-1.50, 0.563	0.371
TRI, mm Hg/min	0.26	0.09	0.26	0.11	0.00	-0.03, 0.025	0.813
ARV₂₄, mm Hg	8.77	2.97	8.70	3.10	0.07	0.81, 0.948	0.874
SV, mm Hg	11.32	3.71	11.66	4.26	-0.35	1.49, 0.796	0.550

Table 3. Measures and Significance of Indices of Blood Pressure Variability for 193 Patients With Successful Thrombectomy of a Large Arterial Occlusion According to the Presence or Absence of Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage in the First 24 h Post-Procedure in a Post-Hoc Analysis of BP-TARGET Trial Data

Post-procedural intracranial hemorrhage

95% Confidence interval

P-value

Yes, n = 77 (39.9%)

No, n = 116 (60.1%)

Mean

ARV24: 24-h average real variability; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; Δ: difference; MAP: mean arterial pressure; mm Hg: millimeters of mercury; mTICI: modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SD: standard deviation; SV: successive variability; TRI: time rate index.

SBP

Range, mm Hg

64.66

19.02

70.57

25.16

-5.91

-12.19, 0.380

0.065

SD, mm Hg

15.10

4.50

15.96

4.93

-0.85

-2.21, 0.502

0.215

TRI, mm Hg/min

0.32

0.09

0.35

0.12

-0.03

-0.06, 0.001

0.061

ARV₂₄, mm Hg

11.61

3.42

11.61

3.49

0.00

-1.00, 0.998

0.996

SV, mm Hg

14.18

3.92

15.10

4.61

-0.92

-2.14, 0.297

0.137

DBP

Range, mm Hg

52.79

18.76

54.81

24.25

-2.02

-8.14, 4.108

0.517

SD, mm Hg

11.60

3.81

12.04

4.79

-0.45

-1.67, 0.779

0.473

TRI, mm Hg/min

0.30

0.12

0.29

0.14

0.01

-0.03, 0.042

0.778

ARV₂₄, mm Hg

9.87

4.03

9.83

4.01

0.04

-1.13, 1.21

0.943

SV, mm Hg

13.34

5.13

13.56

5.72

-0.22

-1.78, 1.340

0.783

MAP

Range, mm Hg

49.32

14.36

51.57

19.58

-2.25

-7.08, 2.572

0.358

SD, mm Hg

11.17

3.16

11.64

4.08

-0.47

-1.50, 0.563

0.371

TRI, mm Hg/min

0.26

0.09

0.26

0.11

0.00

-0.03, 0.025

0.813

ARV₂₄, mm Hg

8.77

2.97

8.70

3.10

0.07

0.81, 0.948

0.874

SV, mm Hg

11.32

3.71

11.66

4.26

-0.35

1.49, 0.796

0.550

**Table 4.** Multiple Linear Regression Model Results for 193 Patients With Successful Thrombectomy of a Large Arterial Occlusion for Prediction of Functional Independence at 90 days Based on Blood Pressure Variability Indices in the 24 h Post-Procedure, in a *Post-Hoc* Analysis of BP-TARGET Trial Data
Coefficients	Estimate	Standard error	t-value	P-value
ARV₂₄: 24-h average real variability; SD: standard deviation; SV: successive variability; TRI: time rate index.
ARV	-0.032	0.024	-1.331	0.185
TRI	0.293	0.659	0.445	0.657
SV	0.017	0.028	0.590	0.550
Range	-0.003	0.004	-0.823	0.412
SD	0.017	0.017	0.996	0.321

Table 4. Multiple Linear Regression Model Results for 193 Patients With Successful Thrombectomy of a Large Arterial Occlusion for Prediction of Functional Independence at 90 days Based on Blood Pressure Variability Indices in the 24 h Post-Procedure, in a Post-Hoc Analysis of BP-TARGET Trial Data

Coefficients

Estimate

Standard error

t-value

P-value

ARV₂₄: 24-h average real variability; SD: standard deviation; SV: successive variability; TRI: time rate index.

ARV

-0.032

0.024

-1.331

0.185

TRI

0.293

0.659

0.445

0.657

0.017

0.028

0.590

0.550

Range

-0.003

0.004

-0.823

0.412

0.017

0.996

0.321