Journal of Neurology Research, ISSN 1923-2845 print, 1923-2853 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, J Neurol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://jnr.elmerpub.com

Original Article

Volume 15, Number 1, January 2025, pages 33-38

The Role of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate as a Prognostic Factor in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Figure

↓  Figure 1. Mortality and functional impairment by hemorrhage type.
Figure 1.

Tables

↓  Table 1. Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
 
Characteristic Total (n = 82) High ESR (n = 35) Normal ESR (n = 47)
ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage.
Age (years) 65 (47 - 89) 68 (47 - 89) 62 (47 - 89)
Male (%) 54.9 57.1 53.2
Female (%) 45.1 42.9 46.8
GCS (score) 10.5 9.8 11.2
ICH volume (mL) 42.6 46.8 35.2
Hypertension (%) 72.5 77.1 68.1
Diabetes (%) 25 28.6 21.3
Atrial fibrillation (%) 18.7 22.9 14.9

 

↓  Table 2. Secondary Outcomes and Functional Impairment at 6 Months
 
Outcome Total (n = 82) High ESR (n = 35) Normal ESR (n = 47) P Sensitivity Specificity PPV (%) NPV (%)
ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value.
Mortality (%) 13.4 20.0 8.5 0.03 63.2% 61.8% 20% 91.5%
Functional impairment (%) 56.1 65.7 34.0 0.002 65.2% 70.8% 85.7% 53.2%
Mean hospital stay (days) 18.5 12.3 0.01
Rehabilitation needs (%) 58.6 31.9 0.005

 

↓  Table 3. Logistic Regression Analysis
 
Variable OR 95% CI P value
ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage.
Elevated ESR (mortality) 2.5 1.2 - 5.3 0.01
Elevated ESR (functional impairment) 3.1 1.5 - 6.5 0.002
Age (years) 1.05 1.02 - 1.08 < 0.001
ICH volume (mL) 1.03 1.01 - 1.05 0.01

 

↓  Table 4. Correlation with Inflammatory Markers
 
Marker Correlation (r) P value
CRP: C-reactive protein.
CRP 0.65 < 0.001
Leukocyte count 0.53 0.01

 

↓  Table 5. Subgroup Analysis
 
Subgroup OR 95% CI P value
OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
Age > 70 (mortality) 3.8 1.7 - 8.3 0.001
Gender (male, functional impairment) 3.4 1.7 - 7.0 0.001