An Overview of Peripheral Neuropathies in Sports

Abstract

Peripheral neuropathies represent a significant clinical challenge in sports, affecting athletes across all competitive levels and sports disciplines. These injuries range from transient neurapraxic events, such as the common “stinger” or “burner” syndrome in contact sports, to chronic entrapment neuropathies that can profoundly impact athletic performance and career longevity. This review examines the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for sport-related peripheral nerve injuries. We discuss upper extremity neuropathies including brachial plexopathies, median and ulnar nerve entrapments, as well as lower extremity conditions such as peroneal neuropathies. Emphasis is placed on electrodiagnostic evaluation, advanced imaging techniques, and evidence-based treatment algorithms. Return-to-play considerations and injury prevention strategies are addressed, recognizing the unique demands placed on the peripheral nervous system during athletic activity. Understanding these conditions is essential for neurologists, sports medicine physicians, and rehabilitation specialists involved in the care of athletes.